| California Megalopolis | |
|---|---|
| — Megaregion — | |
| Los Angeles | |
| San Francisco | |
| San Diego | |
| Country | United States Mexico |
| State(s) | California Nevada Baja California |
| Population | 28,888,491 |
Traditionally, California urban areas are thought of as two large megapolises: Northern California and Southern California, separated from each other by miles in the Central Valley. Other ideas have included a single megalopolis including both, or a division of Coastal California vs. Inland California based on cultural/political and environmental differences rather than transportation connectivity.
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Futurists Herman Kahn and Anthony Wiener coined the name SanSan (along with BosWash and Chipitts) in The Year 2000[1][2] for a California megalopolis along the coast. The coastal emphasis does not conform to subsequent growth patterns extending to Metropolitan Sacramento and the Inland Empire.
Beyond Megalopolis, by Virginia Tech's Metropolitan Institute, defines two megapolitan areas which extend from California into Nevada: NorCal, which includes the Reno, Nevada area, and the Southland which encompasses Greater Los Angeles, the Inland Empire, and San Diego and includes Metropolitan Las Vegas.
America 2050,[3] an organization sponsored by the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, lists 11 megaregions in the United States and Canada.[4] This includes the Southern and Northern California megaregions in which Southern California includes Greater Los Angeles, San Diego–Tijuana, the Inland Empire and Las Vegas Valley.[5]
None of the invented terms for a California metropolis have ever achieved popular usage, as there has been little need to distinguish a California metropolis from California as a whole.
California is linked by Interstate 5, U.S. Route 101, California State Route 99 and California State Route 1 which start in the border with Oregon, Los Angeles, near Bakersfield and southern Orange County respectively, and terminate at the U.S.-Mexico border, continues to the Oregon border, Red Bluff, and in northern Mendocino County respectively. The California High-Speed Rail, the first true high speed rail network in the Americas, will connect Sacramento and the Bay Area to Los Angeles and San Diego with high-speed trains capable of 220 mph (350 km/h) linking San Francisco and Los Angeles in two and a half hours. Construction began in August 2010 with the construction of the new San Francisco Transbay Terminal.[6] As of the 2010 Census, the combined population of all of California's metropolitan regions is nearly 28.9 million (excluding San Diego, Reno, and Las Vegas), about 9.37% of the total US population, while the entire state of California had a population of 37.2 million.
The megalopolis concept encompasses the combination of the megaregions of Northern California (composed of most of the region except northern Upstate California and Eastern California counties of Modoc, Lassen, Plumas, Mono and Inyo) and Southern California (composed of the entire region except the counties of San Luis Obispo and Imperial) and spills into Baja California and Nevada with each proposed megaregion including the Reno metropolitan area, Metropolitan Las Vegas and TJ Metro respectively.
Northern California holds 21 counties that are part of metropolitan areas, including one in Nevada, and includes an additional 17 neighboring counties and four Nevada counties in the sphere of influence.[7] Currently, all three of the metropolitan regions of Northern California (Bay Area, Greater Sacramento, and Metropolitan Fresno) are connected but are separated from Greater Los Angeles with Kings, Tulare and Kern Counties at the narrowest gap. However, one of metropolitan regions of each part of the state borders one of the two metropolitan regions of Nevada, Sacramento bordering Reno and Greater Los Angeles bordering Las Vegas.
Southern California holds the 8 counties and municipalities of Greater Los Angeles and San Diego-Tijuana. Kern county and two Nevada counties are within the sphere of inluence Greater Los Angeles while Imperial County and Mexicali Municipality are held within San Diego-Tijuana's sphere of influence.[8]
The California Megalopolis with both the Northern and Southern megaregions would contain 3 of the 10 biggest cities in the US all with over 1 million each and 9 of the 50 biggest US cities, both the most of any megaregion in the country. On a global scale, the megapolitan area would contain three of the fifty largest cities in the Americas. The largest cities in descending order are: Los Angeles, Tijuana, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland.
California's economy as a whole is the largest of any state in the United States and is the eighth largest economy in the world.[9] The Northern California megaregion is home to the Silicon Valley with major corporations such as: Cisco Systems, Apple Inc., Oracle, EBay, Yahoo!, Facebook, Youtube, Google, and Hewlett Packard, the San Francisco Financial District (home to headquarters of various financial and business firms such as VISA, Wells Fargo, and Union Bank of California and is the largest financial district outside New York City), Wine Country, and much of the Central Valley which is one of the world's most productive agricultural areas, producing 8% of the nation's total crops. The centers of major national government offices, such as the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, and the U.S. Mint, as well as the California State Capitol are all located within the region. The Bay Area also has the largest concentration of multi-millionaire households of any metropolitan area in the country and the largest concentration of billionaires of any U.S. metropolitan area.[10]
The Southern California megaregion is also a very economically important center in the U.S. Southern California is home to the Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach (the first and second busiest container ports in the U.S. respectively).[11] The global center of the entertainment business, Southern California leads the world in the motion picture, television, and recorded music industry and is the home base for Hollywood, The Walt Disney Company, ABC, Sony Pictures, Universal Studios, MGM, Paramount Pictures, and 20th Century Fox, corporations such as Fox Sports Net, Guess, In-n-Out Burger, ARCO and Farmers, logistics. It is one of the world's largest tourist industries thanks to famous beaches, entertainment districts such as L.A. Live and Sunset Boulevard, and theme parks including Disneyland, Knott's Berry Farm, SeaWorld, and Six Flags Magic Mountain. Las Vegas is the world's second largest gambling center after Macau, and Tijuana is the second most visited city in the Western Hemisphere after New York City.
The vast, relatively sparsely populated area of Central California weakens the proposal that California constitutes a single megalopolis. The northern and southern regions continue to grow toward one another, however, with much of this recent urbanization occurring not along the expensive and crowded coast itself — or even along the somewhat developed first tier of interior coastal valleys — but farther inland along a north-south axis through the midsection of the state in the Central Valley, Antelope Valley, Inland Empire and San Joaquin Valley regions, all comparatively more affordable areas which are becoming increasingly suburbanized as they are within commuting distance (albeit often a long commute) of the state's major coastal cities.[7]
| Rank |
Urban agglomeration | GDP | Core citie(s) | State(s) | Census 2010 |
Census 2000 |
Growth 2000s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greater Los Angeles | $770.6 Billion [12] | CA | 17,877,006 | 16,373,645 | +9.18% | |
| 2 | San Francisco Bay Area | $487 Billion [13] | CA | 7,468,390 | 6,783,760 | +10.09% | |
| 3 | San Diego–Tijuana | $136.3 Billion[14] | CA-BC | 4,947,694 | 4,129,433 | +19.82% | |
| 4 | Greater Sacramento | - | CA-NV | 2,461,780 | 2,069,298 | +18.97% | |
| 5 | Metro Las Vegas | - | NV | 1,995,215 | 1,563,282 | +27.63% | |
| 6 | Metropolitan Fresno | - | CA | 1,081,315 | 922,516 | +17.21% | |
| 7 | Metro Reno | - | NV | 477,397 | 377,386 | +26.50% | |
| 8 | Carson City | - | NV | 55,274 | 52,457 | +5.37% | |
| - | - | Total | CA-NV-BC | 36,364,071 | 32,271,777 | +12.68% |
The California megalopolis contains a total of 56 counties and municipalities, 46 in California, 6 in Nevada and 4 in Baja California. Of those 56, 26 are part of combined statistical areas in California and 5 are part of metropolitan areas in Nevada, while the remaining six are part of international metropolitan area.
Greater Los Angeles:
San Francisco Bay Area:
San Diego-Tijuana:
Metropolitan Vegas:
Greater Sacramento:
Mexicali-Calexico:
Metropolitan Fresno:
Area of influence (California):
Area of influence (Nevada):
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